The local community of Pahalgam played a complex and multifaceted role during the April 2025 terrorist attack, with actions ranging from heroic rescue efforts to, in some cases, alleged complicity.
1. Acts of Heroism and Compassion
The most widely reported role of the local community was one of selflessness and bravery in the face of terror. Several local individuals and groups risked their own lives to save tourists.
Saving Lives: Stories emerged of pony-wallahs, guides, and hotel staff who went above and beyond to protect visitors. One notable example is a pony-wallah who reportedly tried to wrestle a weapon from the attackers to protect tourists before being shot and killed.
Guiding to Safety: Local guides who were with tourist groups during the attack quickly assessed the situation and guided families to safety through forested areas and away from the massacre site. Their intimate knowledge of the terrain was crucial in helping tourists escape.
Providing Shelter and Assistance: Many locals, including hotel owners and villagers, provided immediate refuge to tourists who were disoriented and in a state of shock. They helped move people away from the danger zone and ensured they were safe before security forces arrived. A video shot by a tourist couple praised the quick thinking and assistance of local pony ride operators who rushed them down the hill to safety.
2. Allegations of Complicity and Facilitation
While many locals acted as saviors, an investigation into the attack also brought to light a darker side.
Overground Workers (OGWs): A probe by Indian authorities identified a number of local “overground workers” (OGWs) who were suspected of facilitating the attack. These individuals are believed to have provided logistical support, including food, shelter, and potentially guiding the Pakistani assailants.Providing Shelter to Attackers: Two pony-wallahs were arrested and accused of “knowingly harbouring” the terrorists in a remote temporary shelter called a ‘dhok’ before the attack. This suggests that a small but critical network of local collaborators may have been instrumental in the attack’s planning and execution.
3. Societal and Economic Impact
The attack also had a profound impact on the local community of Pahalgam and Kashmir at large.
Impact on Tourism: The attack, which specifically targeted tourists, dealt a severe blow to the local tourism industry, which is a key pillar of the region’s economy. The immediate aftermath saw a wave of cancellations, causing significant financial losses for locals dependent on tourism, such as hoteliers, guides, and taxi operators.
Narrative and Identity: The actions of the local community—both the heroism and the alleged betrayal—created a complex narrative. While the heroic acts showcased the traditional Kashmiri hospitality and a desire for peace, the accusations of complicity by a few highlighted the challenges of counter-terrorism in a region where such local networks can exist. This created a tension between the overwhelming local goodwill and the security concerns posed by a small number of sympathizers.
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